Box Masons’ Union Jane Hussey July 2021
Stonemasons working on site in the 1880s (courtesy Margaret Wakefield)
In an earlier article, we saw how the Operative Union of Stonemasons (OSM) came to control building works in London and established a branch in Box. This story looks at local village families who joined the union and the longevity of its influence in Box seen through two of Jane Hussey’s ancestors, the Newman and Shell families.
Fall of the Newman Family at Washwells
My relative, Charles Newman (1804- 1888), was the son of another Charles Newman and his wife Betty Ford. Charles married Sarah Smith (1805-74) at Holy Trinity, Bradford-on-Avon on 22 August 1824. They lived in Bradford until 1831 when they moved back to Box, probably into his father’s cottage and garden, plot 499 at Washwells, where Charles had been born.
Charles was a stonemason labourer but we don’t know where he worked, possibly the quarry recorded on the 1840 map to the west of Pye Corner, Devizes Road.
My relative, Charles Newman (1804- 1888), was the son of another Charles Newman and his wife Betty Ford. Charles married Sarah Smith (1805-74) at Holy Trinity, Bradford-on-Avon on 22 August 1824. They lived in Bradford until 1831 when they moved back to Box, probably into his father’s cottage and garden, plot 499 at Washwells, where Charles had been born.
Charles was a stonemason labourer but we don’t know where he worked, possibly the quarry recorded on the 1840 map to the west of Pye Corner, Devizes Road.
Charles was admitted to the Box Lodge of the Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons on 21 July 1856.[1] We don’t know why he joined the union, perhaps out of commitment but more probably because it offered social welfare benefits. At the age of 52 we might imagine his speed of work was slowing and his wages suffered because he was paid on a piece-rate basis. He was still living at Washwells in 1871 and working as a stonemason but his situation had deteriorated around Lady Day (25 March) 1877, when he was recorded at Chippenham Union Workhouse, a widower, one of 133 male paupers and 81 female inmates. He was probably there for the rest of his life until 1888. Running the workhouse (now called St Andrews Hospital) were James and Martha Gane, master and matron, who had been there since 1868.[2] Inmates who were insubordinate were charged and some imprisoned as were those who refused to perform the allotted task of breaking 4cwt of stones.[3] It would have been very intimidating with hundreds of people of different status, some described as idiot or imbecile, some simply deaf or blind, others were perfectly able but paupers or orphans fallen on hard times.[4]
Charles’ fifth child, Alfred Newman (1840-), followed him into the stonemasonry trade. In 1860 Alfred was unmarried and living at home with his parents at Washwells aged 20 and expected to pay his way. He was presumably influenced by his father’s experience to join the union and was admitted to the Box Lodge of the Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons on 30 April 1860.[5] Alfred married Louisa Shell (born 1839 in Box) on 11 July 1864 and they left Box for Paddington, London, living in a tenement at 12 Britannia Terrace and sharing with three other families. They stayed in London moving to Chelsea and Kensington, never had children but adopted a son Arthur James Newman (1882-) before 1891.
George Robert Newman (born 1846) was Charles and Sarah’s last child. Aged 14 he was working as an agricultural labourer, then later as a stone mason living with his parents at Washwells. In 1873 he was admitted to the masons’ union (admitted second time), nearly twenty years after his father, demonstrating the long influence of the Box Lodge.[6]
Newman Family from Kingsdown
Another branch of the Newman family lived at Kingsdown. This branch also included several stonemasons, some of whom joined the Operative Union, including Thomas Newman (6 May 1812-1861) who was the first of my family admitted to the Box Lodge of the Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons on 21 July 1851. Thomas was born in Box, the son of George Newman (about 1781-1853), blacksmith, and his wife Lydia Smith (1786-1850). Thomas married Jane Bancroft (1816-) on 10 April 1839 and they settled in Kingsdown living four doors down from Thomas’ parents, where they were recorded in the 1841 and 1851 censuses. Thomas was identified as a quarryman, usually meaning the underground miner who extracted the stone and we might imagine that George was tending the horses needed to carry the stone. On Thomas’ death in 1861, the parish paid 5s for his grave, probably reflecting that his membership of the Operative Union had lapsed and the family’s poverty was recognised by the parish authority. Jane moved to Henley, next door to Henley Farm, with their nine children, the youngest of whom was just 10 months.
The seventh child Robert (1851-) married Eliza Tye on 25 December 1876 and on 1881 they lived in 1 The Barton, Ashley, in the home of his father-in-law William, where they brought up eight children of their own.
Box’s Connection with Stonemason Union
We saw in Part 1 of this series how the London mason’s strike of 1859-61 originated in Pimlico, London and I had imagined that it spread to Box organically because of the number of workers in our area. But I discovered another, potentially more direct, cause when I traced the family of Robert (born 1785) and Sarah Sibbins (1791-1881), whose story I recalled in Part 2. Their second son, John (1817-) was born in Box and worked as a stonemason before he and his Bristolian wife Jane (1817-) moved to London. All five of their children were born in Pimlico between about 1839 and 1849 and in 1851 they were all living in a tenement at Berwick Street, Soho, two miles away from the Pimlico. Although I have not found if John was a union member, it remains probably that he knew the full details of the striker’s issues and conveyed this to his family in Box. But this isn’t the whole story of Box’s connections because another branch of my family was also involved from the early days of the union, the Shell family. With the coming of the railways, the masons became more mobile, so a national organisation of union members became both desirable and necessary to control entry into the trade.
Charles’ fifth child, Alfred Newman (1840-), followed him into the stonemasonry trade. In 1860 Alfred was unmarried and living at home with his parents at Washwells aged 20 and expected to pay his way. He was presumably influenced by his father’s experience to join the union and was admitted to the Box Lodge of the Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons on 30 April 1860.[5] Alfred married Louisa Shell (born 1839 in Box) on 11 July 1864 and they left Box for Paddington, London, living in a tenement at 12 Britannia Terrace and sharing with three other families. They stayed in London moving to Chelsea and Kensington, never had children but adopted a son Arthur James Newman (1882-) before 1891.
George Robert Newman (born 1846) was Charles and Sarah’s last child. Aged 14 he was working as an agricultural labourer, then later as a stone mason living with his parents at Washwells. In 1873 he was admitted to the masons’ union (admitted second time), nearly twenty years after his father, demonstrating the long influence of the Box Lodge.[6]
Newman Family from Kingsdown
Another branch of the Newman family lived at Kingsdown. This branch also included several stonemasons, some of whom joined the Operative Union, including Thomas Newman (6 May 1812-1861) who was the first of my family admitted to the Box Lodge of the Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons on 21 July 1851. Thomas was born in Box, the son of George Newman (about 1781-1853), blacksmith, and his wife Lydia Smith (1786-1850). Thomas married Jane Bancroft (1816-) on 10 April 1839 and they settled in Kingsdown living four doors down from Thomas’ parents, where they were recorded in the 1841 and 1851 censuses. Thomas was identified as a quarryman, usually meaning the underground miner who extracted the stone and we might imagine that George was tending the horses needed to carry the stone. On Thomas’ death in 1861, the parish paid 5s for his grave, probably reflecting that his membership of the Operative Union had lapsed and the family’s poverty was recognised by the parish authority. Jane moved to Henley, next door to Henley Farm, with their nine children, the youngest of whom was just 10 months.
The seventh child Robert (1851-) married Eliza Tye on 25 December 1876 and on 1881 they lived in 1 The Barton, Ashley, in the home of his father-in-law William, where they brought up eight children of their own.
Box’s Connection with Stonemason Union
We saw in Part 1 of this series how the London mason’s strike of 1859-61 originated in Pimlico, London and I had imagined that it spread to Box organically because of the number of workers in our area. But I discovered another, potentially more direct, cause when I traced the family of Robert (born 1785) and Sarah Sibbins (1791-1881), whose story I recalled in Part 2. Their second son, John (1817-) was born in Box and worked as a stonemason before he and his Bristolian wife Jane (1817-) moved to London. All five of their children were born in Pimlico between about 1839 and 1849 and in 1851 they were all living in a tenement at Berwick Street, Soho, two miles away from the Pimlico. Although I have not found if John was a union member, it remains probably that he knew the full details of the striker’s issues and conveyed this to his family in Box. But this isn’t the whole story of Box’s connections because another branch of my family was also involved from the early days of the union, the Shell family. With the coming of the railways, the masons became more mobile, so a national organisation of union members became both desirable and necessary to control entry into the trade.
Robert Shell (1798-1872)
Robert Shell and his first wife Sarah Bradfield (1798-1839) were local to Box, Robert’s mother being part of the Vezey family. They married in 1825 and they lived at Box Quarries in 1841 and Box Hill in 1851, where Robert operated a quarry gang including their four sons, all stonemasons. At times, the boys were journeymen masons, working on building sites away from Box installing stone in new buildings and repairing old ones. In 1838 Robert leased land at Quarry Hill (presumably part of the quarry itself) from lords of the manor, Edward Richard Northey and William Brook Northey. The family lived in one of the numerous cottages there at Plot 464f on the Tithe Apportionment map. Similar to other masons who had made a little money, Robert took over a pub and operated the Bear Inn from 1858 until 1875, leasing out the license for the last couple of years.
Financially, the family appear to have been comfortably-off and Robert was a voter in parliamentary elections in respect of the Quarry Hill cottage. Robert’s name was removed from the voters list for Box on 5 October 1871 and the family moved to Townsend, Box, sharing the house with his widowed brother Thomas and niece Eleanor.[7] Robert died in December 1872 and was buried in a walled grave in 1874, which cost 3 guineas.[8]
When the Bear Inn was sold on 25 August 1874 it was a tenanted property with the residue of a term of 3000 years from 1st April 1708. It was split into 4 lots: Lot 1 - All that Old Established Free Road Side Inn called "The Bear" with Malthouse, brewery, skittle alley, yard and garden and also a triangular plot of land in front of the Inn in the occupation of Mr Greening (the pub licensee) situate in the centre of the Village of Box in the County of Wiltshire. The house is conveniently and well-arranged and contains Bar, Smoking Room, Tap Room, large dining room, ample supply of bedrooms and cellars with a never-failing spring of water on the premises. Lot 3 - Cottage at rear and adjoining. 3 rooms on 1st floor, 2 bedrooms and other conveniences. Lot 4 - Stabling with Loft accommodation, 12 horses now occupying the Bear Inn. The Lot has extensive frontage to the Turnpike Road leading from Chippenham to Bath and could at a trifling cost be converted into a cottage.[9] Written in margin in ink on the sale document was £1,250 - presumable the sale price achieved.
Robert’s sons were all members of the union. The oldest son, Daniel (1826-) joined the union for a second time at Box Lodge on 12 November 1860. The sixth son, Joseph (1837-), was admitted to the union, not in Box but at London West Lodge on 15 September 1873. Son James (1836-79) started work as a mason with his father and lived at home with the family until his marriage to Amelia Browning on 22 June 1874 when he was 38. Twenty-one years earlier he had joined the Operative Stonemasons Union on 5 September 1853. As a young man he appears something of a hot-head and was accused of burglary the same year when James Shell and John Greenway, two stone masons in the employ of Mr Brewer of Box, into whose tool-house they had been placed for safe custody the previous night.[10] His life was rather uneventful and it ended abruptly shortly after his father’s death and the sale of the Bear Inn. James went into partnership with Thomas Ryall which was dissolved in November 1874 and James died in London on 13 December 1879 aged 45 years.[11]
Perhaps the most successful of the children was the second son, John Shell (1828-1902). In the 1851 census John was visiting Thomas and Ann Bailey at Thatcham, Berkshire along with his cousin, another Box stonemason, William Bradfield. John appears to have married their daughter, another Ann (born at Thatcham in 1832), they returned to Box and lived at 3 Bridge Cottages. John joined the Operative Union on 1 December 1857, started work for Pictor & Sons, quarry owners and became the first foreman of the Box Wharf Stoneyard in 1864. He was later described as Master Mason employing 22 men and 3 boys in 1871 and eventually retired to Thatcham where he died in 1902. It was John’s son John Henry (1866-) who was the last of my family recorded as a member of the union, admitted to the London West Lodge on 8 February 1892 and later the Box Lodge on 24 September 1900, when he and his wife were living at the Bath Road, Box.
We might surmise that there were large numbers of union members in Box because I have only traced the history of my ancestors, the Newman and Shell families. Their story itself tells of how long the Operatives Union remained in Box from at least 1851 until 1900. Their story is fascinating as social relations moved from Georgian society to a more stratified Victorian class structure.
Robert Shell and his first wife Sarah Bradfield (1798-1839) were local to Box, Robert’s mother being part of the Vezey family. They married in 1825 and they lived at Box Quarries in 1841 and Box Hill in 1851, where Robert operated a quarry gang including their four sons, all stonemasons. At times, the boys were journeymen masons, working on building sites away from Box installing stone in new buildings and repairing old ones. In 1838 Robert leased land at Quarry Hill (presumably part of the quarry itself) from lords of the manor, Edward Richard Northey and William Brook Northey. The family lived in one of the numerous cottages there at Plot 464f on the Tithe Apportionment map. Similar to other masons who had made a little money, Robert took over a pub and operated the Bear Inn from 1858 until 1875, leasing out the license for the last couple of years.
Financially, the family appear to have been comfortably-off and Robert was a voter in parliamentary elections in respect of the Quarry Hill cottage. Robert’s name was removed from the voters list for Box on 5 October 1871 and the family moved to Townsend, Box, sharing the house with his widowed brother Thomas and niece Eleanor.[7] Robert died in December 1872 and was buried in a walled grave in 1874, which cost 3 guineas.[8]
When the Bear Inn was sold on 25 August 1874 it was a tenanted property with the residue of a term of 3000 years from 1st April 1708. It was split into 4 lots: Lot 1 - All that Old Established Free Road Side Inn called "The Bear" with Malthouse, brewery, skittle alley, yard and garden and also a triangular plot of land in front of the Inn in the occupation of Mr Greening (the pub licensee) situate in the centre of the Village of Box in the County of Wiltshire. The house is conveniently and well-arranged and contains Bar, Smoking Room, Tap Room, large dining room, ample supply of bedrooms and cellars with a never-failing spring of water on the premises. Lot 3 - Cottage at rear and adjoining. 3 rooms on 1st floor, 2 bedrooms and other conveniences. Lot 4 - Stabling with Loft accommodation, 12 horses now occupying the Bear Inn. The Lot has extensive frontage to the Turnpike Road leading from Chippenham to Bath and could at a trifling cost be converted into a cottage.[9] Written in margin in ink on the sale document was £1,250 - presumable the sale price achieved.
Robert’s sons were all members of the union. The oldest son, Daniel (1826-) joined the union for a second time at Box Lodge on 12 November 1860. The sixth son, Joseph (1837-), was admitted to the union, not in Box but at London West Lodge on 15 September 1873. Son James (1836-79) started work as a mason with his father and lived at home with the family until his marriage to Amelia Browning on 22 June 1874 when he was 38. Twenty-one years earlier he had joined the Operative Stonemasons Union on 5 September 1853. As a young man he appears something of a hot-head and was accused of burglary the same year when James Shell and John Greenway, two stone masons in the employ of Mr Brewer of Box, into whose tool-house they had been placed for safe custody the previous night.[10] His life was rather uneventful and it ended abruptly shortly after his father’s death and the sale of the Bear Inn. James went into partnership with Thomas Ryall which was dissolved in November 1874 and James died in London on 13 December 1879 aged 45 years.[11]
Perhaps the most successful of the children was the second son, John Shell (1828-1902). In the 1851 census John was visiting Thomas and Ann Bailey at Thatcham, Berkshire along with his cousin, another Box stonemason, William Bradfield. John appears to have married their daughter, another Ann (born at Thatcham in 1832), they returned to Box and lived at 3 Bridge Cottages. John joined the Operative Union on 1 December 1857, started work for Pictor & Sons, quarry owners and became the first foreman of the Box Wharf Stoneyard in 1864. He was later described as Master Mason employing 22 men and 3 boys in 1871 and eventually retired to Thatcham where he died in 1902. It was John’s son John Henry (1866-) who was the last of my family recorded as a member of the union, admitted to the London West Lodge on 8 February 1892 and later the Box Lodge on 24 September 1900, when he and his wife were living at the Bath Road, Box.
We might surmise that there were large numbers of union members in Box because I have only traced the history of my ancestors, the Newman and Shell families. Their story itself tells of how long the Operatives Union remained in Box from at least 1851 until 1900. Their story is fascinating as social relations moved from Georgian society to a more stratified Victorian class structure.
We can clearly see how the Box Lodge of the Operative Stonemasons started in the mid-1850s and continued until the early years of the 1900s, protecting the interests of skilled tradesmen. The movement began as a Friendly Society providing social welfare until the legalisation of trades unions in 1871. Their influence in Box diminished after the first modern unions developed around 1889 based on the unionisation of unskilled workers. The Box Lodge appear to have been supportive of the national cause but not unduly militant itself, possibly reflecting the good relationship between employees and quarry owners (often previously quarriers).
Summary of Admission to Box Lodge OSM
Thomas Newman (6 May 1812-1861) was admitted to the Friendly Society of OSM on 21 July 1851
James Shell (1836-1879) admitted to the Friendly Society of OSM at Box Lodge on 5 September 1853
Charles Newman (1804-1888), was admitted to the Friendly Society of OSM on 21 July 1856
John Shell (1828-1902) was admitted to OSM at Box Lodge, on 1 December 1857 and was registered as paying a shilling at Firfield on 12 July 1858
Alfred Newman (1840-) was admitted to OSM on 30 April 1860
Daniel Shell (1826-) was admitted to OSM for the second time on 12 November 1860
Joseph Shell (1837-) admitted to OSM at London West Lodge on 15 September 1873
George Robert Newman (born 1846) was admitted to OSM on 24 November 1873
Robert Newman (1851-) was admitted to OSM on 10 September 1877
Henry John Shell (1866-) admitted to OSM at London West Lodge on 8 February 1892 and the Box Lodge on 24 September 1900
Thomas Newman (6 May 1812-1861) was admitted to the Friendly Society of OSM on 21 July 1851
James Shell (1836-1879) admitted to the Friendly Society of OSM at Box Lodge on 5 September 1853
Charles Newman (1804-1888), was admitted to the Friendly Society of OSM on 21 July 1856
John Shell (1828-1902) was admitted to OSM at Box Lodge, on 1 December 1857 and was registered as paying a shilling at Firfield on 12 July 1858
Alfred Newman (1840-) was admitted to OSM on 30 April 1860
Daniel Shell (1826-) was admitted to OSM for the second time on 12 November 1860
Joseph Shell (1837-) admitted to OSM at London West Lodge on 15 September 1873
George Robert Newman (born 1846) was admitted to OSM on 24 November 1873
Robert Newman (1851-) was admitted to OSM on 10 September 1877
Henry John Shell (1866-) admitted to OSM at London West Lodge on 8 February 1892 and the Box Lodge on 24 September 1900
Family Trees
Newman Family at Washwells
Charles Newman (about 1774-1844) and his wife Betty Ford (about 1775-1847). Children include:
Charles (23 November 1804-26 September 1888), mason labourer, born in Box, married Sarah Smith (1805-1874) at Holy Trinity, Bradford-on-Avon on 22 August 1824. Children: Elizabeth (1825-51); Harriett (1825) married Mr Virgin; Charles (1827-83); John (1829-) may have lived at Washwells and married Ellen Tanner 1871 then joined Navy Washwells 1891; Mary Jane (1831-1923); Harriett (1834-) went into service as a nursemaid aged 16 to Jacob Pocock and his wife Mary at Shayors Farm in 1851; Alfred (1840-); Eliza (1843-); George Robert (1846-), stone mason.
Newman Family at Kingsdown
George Newman (1781-1853) married Lydia Smith (1786-1850). Children included:
Thomas Newman (about 6 May 1812-1861); Ann (1815-); Lydia (1832-); Jane (1835)
Thomas Newman (about 6 May 1812-1861) married Jane Bancroft (1816-). Children:
Ellen (1840-1925); John (1841- ) who in 1861 was recorded as a soldier in the 10th Regiment; Lucy (1843- ); William Henry (1846- ); Ann (1849- ); Robert (baptised 13 April 1851); Thomas (1853- ); George (bef1855-1881); and Jane (before 1860- ).
Robert (baptised 13 April 1851) married Eliza Tye (born about 1854)
Admitted to the Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons 10.9.1877 at Box Lodge
Shell Family of Quarry Hill
Robert Shell (1798-1872) married first Sarah Bradfield (1798-189) and secondly Susanna (possibly 1815-1881). Children with Sarah:
Daniel (1826-); John (1828-1902); Thomas (1831-); Eleanor (1833-); James (1836-1879); Joseph (1837-); and Elizabeth (1839-1881).
John (1828-1902) married Ann (1832-). Children included:
George James (1860-1932); Arthur Robert (1862-1883); Henry John (1866-); Beatrice MA (1867-) and Alice E (1873-).
Newman Family at Washwells
Charles Newman (about 1774-1844) and his wife Betty Ford (about 1775-1847). Children include:
Charles (23 November 1804-26 September 1888), mason labourer, born in Box, married Sarah Smith (1805-1874) at Holy Trinity, Bradford-on-Avon on 22 August 1824. Children: Elizabeth (1825-51); Harriett (1825) married Mr Virgin; Charles (1827-83); John (1829-) may have lived at Washwells and married Ellen Tanner 1871 then joined Navy Washwells 1891; Mary Jane (1831-1923); Harriett (1834-) went into service as a nursemaid aged 16 to Jacob Pocock and his wife Mary at Shayors Farm in 1851; Alfred (1840-); Eliza (1843-); George Robert (1846-), stone mason.
Newman Family at Kingsdown
George Newman (1781-1853) married Lydia Smith (1786-1850). Children included:
Thomas Newman (about 6 May 1812-1861); Ann (1815-); Lydia (1832-); Jane (1835)
Thomas Newman (about 6 May 1812-1861) married Jane Bancroft (1816-). Children:
Ellen (1840-1925); John (1841- ) who in 1861 was recorded as a soldier in the 10th Regiment; Lucy (1843- ); William Henry (1846- ); Ann (1849- ); Robert (baptised 13 April 1851); Thomas (1853- ); George (bef1855-1881); and Jane (before 1860- ).
Robert (baptised 13 April 1851) married Eliza Tye (born about 1854)
Admitted to the Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons 10.9.1877 at Box Lodge
Shell Family of Quarry Hill
Robert Shell (1798-1872) married first Sarah Bradfield (1798-189) and secondly Susanna (possibly 1815-1881). Children with Sarah:
Daniel (1826-); John (1828-1902); Thomas (1831-); Eleanor (1833-); James (1836-1879); Joseph (1837-); and Elizabeth (1839-1881).
John (1828-1902) married Ann (1832-). Children included:
George James (1860-1932); Arthur Robert (1862-1883); Henry John (1866-); Beatrice MA (1867-) and Alice E (1873-).
References
[1] Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons 1857-1912 Box Lodge, MSS 78/OS/BR2
[2] Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette, 24 September 1896
[3] Salisbury and Winchester Journal, 25 October 1873 and Wilts and Gloucester Standard, 28 January 1893
[4] 1881 Census: Residents of Chippenham Union Workhouse (workhouses.org.uk)
[5] Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons 1857-1912 Box Lodge, MSS 78/OS/BR2
[6] Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons 1857-1912 Box Lodge, MSS 78/OS/BR2
[7] Devizes & Wilts Gazette, 5 October 1871
[8] Box burial board accounts 1868-1900, WRO 1719/40
[9] Bill of Sale, WRO 1075/001/33 Deeds relating to the Bear Inn, Box
[10] Devizes & Wiltshire Gazette, 25 August 1853
[11] Wiltshire Independent, 5 November 1874
[1] Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons 1857-1912 Box Lodge, MSS 78/OS/BR2
[2] Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette, 24 September 1896
[3] Salisbury and Winchester Journal, 25 October 1873 and Wilts and Gloucester Standard, 28 January 1893
[4] 1881 Census: Residents of Chippenham Union Workhouse (workhouses.org.uk)
[5] Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons 1857-1912 Box Lodge, MSS 78/OS/BR2
[6] Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons 1857-1912 Box Lodge, MSS 78/OS/BR2
[7] Devizes & Wilts Gazette, 5 October 1871
[8] Box burial board accounts 1868-1900, WRO 1719/40
[9] Bill of Sale, WRO 1075/001/33 Deeds relating to the Bear Inn, Box
[10] Devizes & Wiltshire Gazette, 25 August 1853
[11] Wiltshire Independent, 5 November 1874