Social Clubs in Victorian Box Alan Payne November 2015
Social and Welfare Clubs
The numbers of clubs started in the late Victorian period are almost too many to record. They were for instruction, social gathering, mutual welfare or pure entertainment. Many were loosely based on the church structure as in earlier periods but the rise in literacy levels and affluence encouraged secular associations also. This is the story of those clubs.
We can identify with people in the late Victorian period, like the Great War soldiers, but we would find their lifestyle entirely alien. Before the advent of radio, film-shows and later television, they had to create their amusement, often based on amateur shows.
The numbers of clubs started in the late Victorian period are almost too many to record. They were for instruction, social gathering, mutual welfare or pure entertainment. Many were loosely based on the church structure as in earlier periods but the rise in literacy levels and affluence encouraged secular associations also. This is the story of those clubs.
We can identify with people in the late Victorian period, like the Great War soldiers, but we would find their lifestyle entirely alien. Before the advent of radio, film-shows and later television, they had to create their amusement, often based on amateur shows.
Entertainment Clubs
Box Hill Rabbit Club
The marvellous picture above shows life as it often existed in the 1950s with the hardship and lack of opportunity that existed in post-war Box. The Rabbit Club appears to have been formed at Box Hill during the Second World War as a recreation for elderly men often invalided through war service or injured in the quarry trade. It came to prominence in the Peace Celebrations of August 1945 when Messrs Williams, Couzens and Bezzant agreed to put on a Rabbit and Poultry Show in Fete Field (now Bargates) and also performed the duty of groundsmen for the field.[1]
It was still running in 1955 when F Couzens was the secretary.
Box Hill Rabbit Club
The marvellous picture above shows life as it often existed in the 1950s with the hardship and lack of opportunity that existed in post-war Box. The Rabbit Club appears to have been formed at Box Hill during the Second World War as a recreation for elderly men often invalided through war service or injured in the quarry trade. It came to prominence in the Peace Celebrations of August 1945 when Messrs Williams, Couzens and Bezzant agreed to put on a Rabbit and Poultry Show in Fete Field (now Bargates) and also performed the duty of groundsmen for the field.[1]
It was still running in 1955 when F Couzens was the secretary.
Box Whist Club
The club met for decades in the inter-war years and after. The club was suspended during the Second World War and revived afterwards and was still running in the Bingham Hall Library in 1955.[2]
It was a weekly social gathering to enjoy the English card game of whist (meaning silent). The event was played as a round-robin competition in the Library Room of the Bingham Hall. In 1926 it was run by Frank Nowell, whose wife was still secretary, organiser and player in 1939.[3]
The Royal United Hospital, Bath, was the usual charity to benefit from funds raised in an evening's competition, often with up to 80 players at each session.[4] In 1934 the club held a competition to raise funds for the Gresford Colliery Disaster which shocked people throughout Britain.[5] The disaster occurred in September 1934 at Gresford Colliery, Wrexham. It remains one of the worst mining disasters in Britain in which 266 men were killed in an explosion with only 11 bodies recovered, the rest lost underground.
It was as much a social club as an activity and in 1936 the members went on a coach outing to Clevedon.[6]
The club met for decades in the inter-war years and after. The club was suspended during the Second World War and revived afterwards and was still running in the Bingham Hall Library in 1955.[2]
It was a weekly social gathering to enjoy the English card game of whist (meaning silent). The event was played as a round-robin competition in the Library Room of the Bingham Hall. In 1926 it was run by Frank Nowell, whose wife was still secretary, organiser and player in 1939.[3]
The Royal United Hospital, Bath, was the usual charity to benefit from funds raised in an evening's competition, often with up to 80 players at each session.[4] In 1934 the club held a competition to raise funds for the Gresford Colliery Disaster which shocked people throughout Britain.[5] The disaster occurred in September 1934 at Gresford Colliery, Wrexham. It remains one of the worst mining disasters in Britain in which 266 men were killed in an explosion with only 11 bodies recovered, the rest lost underground.
It was as much a social club as an activity and in 1936 the members went on a coach outing to Clevedon.[6]
Box Recreation Club
In the 1920s Miss H Fudge took time out from running the Post Office to organise meetings of the Recreation Club in the Bingham Hall. The meeting in February 1925 featured sketches by the Box Girl Guides Troop and folk dancing by girl pupils of Box School.[7] Humorous songs were provided (as always) by Rev George Foster, Miss Hayward and Miss Cottell. The club continued for a long while and was still in operation in 1938 with all kinds of games and competitions.[8]
In the 1920s Miss H Fudge took time out from running the Post Office to organise meetings of the Recreation Club in the Bingham Hall. The meeting in February 1925 featured sketches by the Box Girl Guides Troop and folk dancing by girl pupils of Box School.[7] Humorous songs were provided (as always) by Rev George Foster, Miss Hayward and Miss Cottell. The club continued for a long while and was still in operation in 1938 with all kinds of games and competitions.[8]
Educational Clubs
Box Lecture Society
Box Lecture Society
The covers (above) and inside (below) of the 1930s booklets were saved by Philip Lambert (courtesy Magaret Wakefield).
There were lectures held during the Great War with varying success, not to be surprised at when two of the lectures were Animism in relation to Christianity (reported as There was a very small attendance) and the Rev G Tidy talking about Confucianism.[9] Not all were so serious. In November 1918 Rev DH Ashford-Smith gave a lecture on Palestine illustrated by limelight views.[10]
The idea was revived in the 1930s as the threat of social division and ultimately of war dominated everyone's attention. In 1934
Mrs Lavers organised twelve talks in a winter's season, supported by Rev George Foster just before he left the village a year later.
These lectures were meant to be thought-provoking and to stimulate alternatives to the stark choices being offered in the inter-war years. Rev EC Childs was described in these words: As a psychologist he has few illusions about human beings, and is not afraid to say so.[11] The Rev Foster eulogised about the splendid lectures, a thrilling series of lectures and a real intellectual stimulus.[12] He was able to put them into a contemporary context: These days are very critical for the League of Nations and for international peace. How prophetic those words were.
Shortly after the club became affiliated with the Workers' Educational Association but ground to a halt as the Second World War approached.[13]
The idea was revived in the 1930s as the threat of social division and ultimately of war dominated everyone's attention. In 1934
Mrs Lavers organised twelve talks in a winter's season, supported by Rev George Foster just before he left the village a year later.
These lectures were meant to be thought-provoking and to stimulate alternatives to the stark choices being offered in the inter-war years. Rev EC Childs was described in these words: As a psychologist he has few illusions about human beings, and is not afraid to say so.[11] The Rev Foster eulogised about the splendid lectures, a thrilling series of lectures and a real intellectual stimulus.[12] He was able to put them into a contemporary context: These days are very critical for the League of Nations and for international peace. How prophetic those words were.
Shortly after the club became affiliated with the Workers' Educational Association but ground to a halt as the Second World War approached.[13]
Food Production
Smallholders and Agricultural Clubs
The emphasis on helping to produce more food arose in the First and Second World Wars. In June 1917 a local group called the Food Production Society was formed, intent upon distributing seed potatoes and purchasing a spraying machine.[14] It appears to have merged with the Wiltshire Fruit & Vegetable Society Ltd when a depot was opened at the Manor Farm, Box where garden produce is received on Tuesday evenings.[15]
A Village Produce Association was started in 1943 during the Second World War sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries to encourage smallholding. The Ministry offered guidance on gardening, bee-keeping and rabbit-keeping.[16] The benefit for the residents was the chance to make summer vegetable jam with recipes involving carrots, turnips, beetroots and prune kernels.[17]
A Pig Club appears to have existed at Ditteridge for a while and in 1995 Stuart Hill was the club secretary.
Support for the Poor
Kingsdown Coal Club
The Kingsdown Coal Club was run by Mrs Lord in 1930.[18] There was a great need for charitable donations to the poor of Kingsdown where timber for fuel and cooking was limited. Coal was the answer to burn on the small grates of houses in the area but this was expensive and beyond the means of many families.
The earliest reference to this need was in 1849 when Wade Browne, Esq of Monkton Farleigh distributed four tons of coal amongst the poor of Kingsdown.[19] The coal was distributed by Mr Pocock of Box. The newspaper reported We understand that this is the sixth year in which Mr Browne has made a similar gift to the poor of the above locality. To put the event into historical context this was the same year as the first Italian War of Independence, two years before the Great Exhibition in London, and twenty-two years before the unification of Germany.
Other clubs were specifically to deal with the needs of the poorer people in the parish, such as the Box Clothing Club which was started before November 1916 and was still going strong in 1930, run by Mrs Shaw Mellor.[20]
Kingsdown Coal Club
The Kingsdown Coal Club was run by Mrs Lord in 1930.[18] There was a great need for charitable donations to the poor of Kingsdown where timber for fuel and cooking was limited. Coal was the answer to burn on the small grates of houses in the area but this was expensive and beyond the means of many families.
The earliest reference to this need was in 1849 when Wade Browne, Esq of Monkton Farleigh distributed four tons of coal amongst the poor of Kingsdown.[19] The coal was distributed by Mr Pocock of Box. The newspaper reported We understand that this is the sixth year in which Mr Browne has made a similar gift to the poor of the above locality. To put the event into historical context this was the same year as the first Italian War of Independence, two years before the Great Exhibition in London, and twenty-two years before the unification of Germany.
Other clubs were specifically to deal with the needs of the poorer people in the parish, such as the Box Clothing Club which was started before November 1916 and was still going strong in 1930, run by Mrs Shaw Mellor.[20]
Welfare Organisations
Health and Nursing
Other clubs provided services which were part of the National Health Service in a later period such as Box District Nursing Association established in January 1919 with Rules for Persons resident in the parish requiring the services of a Visiting Nurse.[21] There was a scale of fees payable by annual subscription: Labourers 2s; Artisans and School Teachers 3s; Small Farmers and Tradespeople 5s;Large Farmers and Tradespeople 7s.6d; Gentry 10s. In addition there were fees for a session of weekly visits ranging from 1d per visit to 2s. The first visiting nurse was Nurse Gregory who was prohibited to receive any gratuity nor take any beer or spirits.
Health and Nursing
Other clubs provided services which were part of the National Health Service in a later period such as Box District Nursing Association established in January 1919 with Rules for Persons resident in the parish requiring the services of a Visiting Nurse.[21] There was a scale of fees payable by annual subscription: Labourers 2s; Artisans and School Teachers 3s; Small Farmers and Tradespeople 5s;Large Farmers and Tradespeople 7s.6d; Gentry 10s. In addition there were fees for a session of weekly visits ranging from 1d per visit to 2s. The first visiting nurse was Nurse Gregory who was prohibited to receive any gratuity nor take any beer or spirits.
Wartime
Some clubs were developed in wartime. There were fundraising or activity groups specifically to support the war effort such as the Red Cross Needlework Group from 1916 to 1919 making no less than 2,373 garments at The School Room at Box House.[22]
Some clubs were developed in wartime. There were fundraising or activity groups specifically to support the war effort such as the Red Cross Needlework Group from 1916 to 1919 making no less than 2,373 garments at The School Room at Box House.[22]
Employment Club
The Parish Magazine put into graphic words one of the most serious of the problems of the 1930s, Unemployment is one of the universal and terrible diseases of modern life and the best brains in the world have not yet found a cure.[23]
THE NIGHTMARE OF UNEMPLOYMENT
The spectre of unemployment is still with us. Now men out of employment only receive from the state sufficient for bare existence, they soon get despondent, nervy and even reckless. The spring is upon us now, the weather is improving, and therefore work in all probability, will be more plentiful at the present time. But we in Box, in the meantime, should be working out some scheme whereby our fellow men might find employment later in the year when work is slack.[24]
Col Sykes of Ashley Cottage launched a scheme in Spring 1933 in conjunction with the British Legion to make work for men in Box who were unable to find employment.[25] Some unemployed were found permanent employment and others casual labour but it was still rather small-scale. Work was subsidised from whist drives held by the Comrades Legion Club. Mr AH Hillier of the Market Place and Capt RA Legard of Kingsdown extended the work of the society by starting a register of the unemployed in Box, especially those who have no claims on insurance benefits, to forward to employers looking to take on men. They held two whist drives, organised by Mr Merrett and Mr Oatley, to raise funds for the employment scheme.
By August that year 4,000 hours of work had been supplied and the fund had raised £47. But the problems were cyclical and summer work in agriculture gave way to annual winter unemployment.
The Parish Magazine put into graphic words one of the most serious of the problems of the 1930s, Unemployment is one of the universal and terrible diseases of modern life and the best brains in the world have not yet found a cure.[23]
THE NIGHTMARE OF UNEMPLOYMENT
The spectre of unemployment is still with us. Now men out of employment only receive from the state sufficient for bare existence, they soon get despondent, nervy and even reckless. The spring is upon us now, the weather is improving, and therefore work in all probability, will be more plentiful at the present time. But we in Box, in the meantime, should be working out some scheme whereby our fellow men might find employment later in the year when work is slack.[24]
Col Sykes of Ashley Cottage launched a scheme in Spring 1933 in conjunction with the British Legion to make work for men in Box who were unable to find employment.[25] Some unemployed were found permanent employment and others casual labour but it was still rather small-scale. Work was subsidised from whist drives held by the Comrades Legion Club. Mr AH Hillier of the Market Place and Capt RA Legard of Kingsdown extended the work of the society by starting a register of the unemployed in Box, especially those who have no claims on insurance benefits, to forward to employers looking to take on men. They held two whist drives, organised by Mr Merrett and Mr Oatley, to raise funds for the employment scheme.
By August that year 4,000 hours of work had been supplied and the fund had raised £47. But the problems were cyclical and summer work in agriculture gave way to annual winter unemployment.
Political Clubs
Liberal Club A Liberal Club was started in Box in 1880.[26] It was a time of great uncertainty: war in Afghanistan to stop Russian expansion and in South Africa against the Zulu nation; Gladstone succeeding Disraeli as Prime Minister; arguments about Home Rule for Ireland and the disestablishment of the Welsh and English churches. The Liberal Club in Box was reputedly located in the cottages below The Bear. It was a premises recognised as a postal address, occupied by Mr F Gale in 1889.[27] It was the secular champion of the Temperance Movement to reduce the amount of alcohol being consumed by the working classes. But we should not assume that it had the same principles as the modern political party. It was rooted in Free Trade but locally began to lose considerable support by its opposition to giving the suffrage to women. At times it served more as a social club with a pool and snooker hall.[28] |
Conservative Club
Having experienced defeat in the General Election of March 1880 and threatened by the newly-formed Liberal Club, Major Northey presided over an influential meeting at the mission room (?) together with General Hope, General Henson, Capt Woodgate, Rev WN Heathcote, Mr Fred Pocock, Dr Snow, Mr Brown (Hazelbury) Mr Ponting, Mr Marsh and Rev A Goodwin (secretary).[29]
Major Northey thought that They most certainly were at the present moment in need of Conservative activity in Box. The Rev Goodwin commented that, at the March election, feeling ran very high in Box and it was displayed in such a brutish manner.
It was an uphill struggle for the local party in the village. In 1883 at Mr Brown's schoolroom, Box, Mr S Giles of Bath said the past political history of the village would justify the remark that had been made that there were no Conservatives in Box, and people honestly appeared to believe that Box had sold herself body and soul to Radicalism.[30]
The club increased its membership following the break-up of the Liberal Party over Prime Minister Gladstone's proposal to give Home Rule to Ireland in 1886. In Box the club had its own rooms by 1891, although the annual soiree of tea, musical concert and a dance was held in the New Schools.[31] The soiree of 1893 kicked off with tea at 5 o'clock and apologies from club member, Sir John Dickson-Poynder, who was unable to be there due to attendance at the House of Commons.[32] General Daunt hoped that the ladies present would soon have votes as well as men.
Labour Club
We have not found the date that the Labour Party established a presence in Box. However there are some fascinating references in the records of the Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons of England which record a Lodge in Box, Wiltshire, in the period from 1857 to 1912.[33] This includes lists of members and a memorandum of agreement between banker, masons and employers in Corsham, Box and Bradford districts in 1901.
Having experienced defeat in the General Election of March 1880 and threatened by the newly-formed Liberal Club, Major Northey presided over an influential meeting at the mission room (?) together with General Hope, General Henson, Capt Woodgate, Rev WN Heathcote, Mr Fred Pocock, Dr Snow, Mr Brown (Hazelbury) Mr Ponting, Mr Marsh and Rev A Goodwin (secretary).[29]
Major Northey thought that They most certainly were at the present moment in need of Conservative activity in Box. The Rev Goodwin commented that, at the March election, feeling ran very high in Box and it was displayed in such a brutish manner.
It was an uphill struggle for the local party in the village. In 1883 at Mr Brown's schoolroom, Box, Mr S Giles of Bath said the past political history of the village would justify the remark that had been made that there were no Conservatives in Box, and people honestly appeared to believe that Box had sold herself body and soul to Radicalism.[30]
The club increased its membership following the break-up of the Liberal Party over Prime Minister Gladstone's proposal to give Home Rule to Ireland in 1886. In Box the club had its own rooms by 1891, although the annual soiree of tea, musical concert and a dance was held in the New Schools.[31] The soiree of 1893 kicked off with tea at 5 o'clock and apologies from club member, Sir John Dickson-Poynder, who was unable to be there due to attendance at the House of Commons.[32] General Daunt hoped that the ladies present would soon have votes as well as men.
Labour Club
We have not found the date that the Labour Party established a presence in Box. However there are some fascinating references in the records of the Friendly Society of Operative Stonemasons of England which record a Lodge in Box, Wiltshire, in the period from 1857 to 1912.[33] This includes lists of members and a memorandum of agreement between banker, masons and employers in Corsham, Box and Bradford districts in 1901.
Entertainment Organisations
Music Societies
No aspect of entertainment has altered more than our modern ability to listen to music compared to our ancestors in 1870 when music was live performances and physically present to the audience.
There were musical shows such as that which the Music Society performed in 1897 with Pianoforte Duet "Loin du Bal" by Misses M & E Northey and various choral performances glees, which were thoroughly well rendered, conducted by Mr W Barlow the best possible conductor and accompanied by Mr Perren.
In 1903 the Parish Magazine was able to confirm that Box is one of those very fortunate villages that are the proud possessors of an undeniably efficient Musical Society.[34] The event featured live performances by local people including sacred and secular music. The main event was extracts of Handel's work The Messiah performed by a chorus of between 40 and 50 people. Great praise went to Miss Elliott (secretary), Miss Noble (piano) and Mr AF Perrin (harmonium).
On 24 August 1907 the Parish Magazine recorded that a concert was given at the Bingham Hall, being the first occasion upon which this building has been used for any public function of the kind. The principal work of the concert was Tennyson's ballad The Revenge, being far more ambitious than this society has hitherto attempted. Miss Tollemache gave two violin solos and Mr France conducted the choir and gave several songs and Mr HJ Davies of Bath accompanied the works and performed Liszt's Valse Impromptu.
The Hon Mrs Shaw Mellor with Charles and John Morley ran the Box Centre of the English Folk Dance and Song Society during the 1930s organising folk evenings and parties.[35] Part of its purpose was to reinforced English social standards as the threat of war grew closer. In 1933 the society met in the Bingham Hall and arranged a party in December with thirty dancers from Bath, twenty from Trowbridge and three from Holt.
Music Societies
No aspect of entertainment has altered more than our modern ability to listen to music compared to our ancestors in 1870 when music was live performances and physically present to the audience.
There were musical shows such as that which the Music Society performed in 1897 with Pianoforte Duet "Loin du Bal" by Misses M & E Northey and various choral performances glees, which were thoroughly well rendered, conducted by Mr W Barlow the best possible conductor and accompanied by Mr Perren.
In 1903 the Parish Magazine was able to confirm that Box is one of those very fortunate villages that are the proud possessors of an undeniably efficient Musical Society.[34] The event featured live performances by local people including sacred and secular music. The main event was extracts of Handel's work The Messiah performed by a chorus of between 40 and 50 people. Great praise went to Miss Elliott (secretary), Miss Noble (piano) and Mr AF Perrin (harmonium).
On 24 August 1907 the Parish Magazine recorded that a concert was given at the Bingham Hall, being the first occasion upon which this building has been used for any public function of the kind. The principal work of the concert was Tennyson's ballad The Revenge, being far more ambitious than this society has hitherto attempted. Miss Tollemache gave two violin solos and Mr France conducted the choir and gave several songs and Mr HJ Davies of Bath accompanied the works and performed Liszt's Valse Impromptu.
The Hon Mrs Shaw Mellor with Charles and John Morley ran the Box Centre of the English Folk Dance and Song Society during the 1930s organising folk evenings and parties.[35] Part of its purpose was to reinforced English social standards as the threat of war grew closer. In 1933 the society met in the Bingham Hall and arranged a party in December with thirty dancers from Bath, twenty from Trowbridge and three from Holt.
Today's Clubs
Box is renowned for the number of clubs that it supports. Many have their roots in the Victorian period and have lasted over a century; others came and went pretty quickly like the Box Common Good Society which was later re-formed into the Box Civic Society run by Cmdr Philip Wainwright of the Market Place.[36]
We welcome all additions and corrections to the information above. We would love to hear from you if you have any pictures to illustrate the article. In the next issue we complete the articles on clubs with Children's and Church clubs, so please Contact us if you have a contribution that you can make.
Box is renowned for the number of clubs that it supports. Many have their roots in the Victorian period and have lasted over a century; others came and went pretty quickly like the Box Common Good Society which was later re-formed into the Box Civic Society run by Cmdr Philip Wainwright of the Market Place.[36]
We welcome all additions and corrections to the information above. We would love to hear from you if you have any pictures to illustrate the article. In the next issue we complete the articles on clubs with Children's and Church clubs, so please Contact us if you have a contribution that you can make.
References
[1] Parish Magazine, July 1945
[2] Parish Magazine, August 1955
[3] Parish Magazine, December 1926 and Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 15 April 1939
[4] Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 12 February 1938
[5] Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 1 December 1934
[6] Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 5 September 1936
[7] The Bath Chronicle, 7 February 1925
[8] Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 31 December 1938
[9] Parish Magazine, November 1917
[10] Parish Magazine, December 1918
[11] Parish Magazine, April 1935
[12] Parish Magazine, March 1934
[13] Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 12 October 1935
[14] Parish Magazine, June 1917
[15] Parish Magazine, October 1918
[16] Parish Magazine, October 1943
[17] Parish Magazine, August 1944
[18] Parish Magazine, April 1930
[19] The Bath Chronicle, 1 March 1849
[20] Parish Magazine, November 1916 and April 1930
[21] Parish Magazine, January 1919
[22] Parish Magazine, March 1919
[23] Parish Magazine, March 1934
[24] Parish Magazine, August 1932
[25] Parish Magazine, July 1933
[26] The Bath Chronicle, 11 November 1880
[27] The Bath Chronicle, 2 May 1889
[28] Courtesy David Ibberson
[29] The Bath Chronicle, 11 November 1880
[30] The Bath Chronicle, 26 April 1883
[31] The Bath Chronicle, 23 April 1891
[32] The Bath Chronicle, 9 February 1893
[33] The Bath Chronicle, 15 January 1903
[34] Parish Magazine, November 1934
[35] Thanks to David Pollard for the reference to http://dscalm.warwick.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve
[36] Parish Magazine, August 1963
[1] Parish Magazine, July 1945
[2] Parish Magazine, August 1955
[3] Parish Magazine, December 1926 and Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 15 April 1939
[4] Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 12 February 1938
[5] Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 1 December 1934
[6] Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 5 September 1936
[7] The Bath Chronicle, 7 February 1925
[8] Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 31 December 1938
[9] Parish Magazine, November 1917
[10] Parish Magazine, December 1918
[11] Parish Magazine, April 1935
[12] Parish Magazine, March 1934
[13] Bath Weekly Chronicle and Herald, 12 October 1935
[14] Parish Magazine, June 1917
[15] Parish Magazine, October 1918
[16] Parish Magazine, October 1943
[17] Parish Magazine, August 1944
[18] Parish Magazine, April 1930
[19] The Bath Chronicle, 1 March 1849
[20] Parish Magazine, November 1916 and April 1930
[21] Parish Magazine, January 1919
[22] Parish Magazine, March 1919
[23] Parish Magazine, March 1934
[24] Parish Magazine, August 1932
[25] Parish Magazine, July 1933
[26] The Bath Chronicle, 11 November 1880
[27] The Bath Chronicle, 2 May 1889
[28] Courtesy David Ibberson
[29] The Bath Chronicle, 11 November 1880
[30] The Bath Chronicle, 26 April 1883
[31] The Bath Chronicle, 23 April 1891
[32] The Bath Chronicle, 9 February 1893
[33] The Bath Chronicle, 15 January 1903
[34] Parish Magazine, November 1934
[35] Thanks to David Pollard for the reference to http://dscalm.warwick.ac.uk/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve
[36] Parish Magazine, August 1963