Doctors Joseph Nash Dr Peter Carpenter, September 2022
The main entrance to Kingsdown House Asylum (photo courtesy Carol Payne)
Ask residents about famous doctors in Box and most would give a recent person, or the Doctors Davey, or James Pirie Martin. Few would mention the name Doctor Nash but for some years there were two doctors of that name, Joseph Nash senior and junior, medics and proprietors of Kingsdown Mental Asylum.
Neither father nor son Joseph Nash came from Wiltshire but they remained here for several decades. Their wealth was exceptional and they introduced greater patient care into the asylum. But both Joseph Nash senior and Joseph junior died aged 58 and they left few reminders of their life in Box, apart from the monument of Joseph Nash senior by the west door of the church.
Neither father nor son Joseph Nash came from Wiltshire but they remained here for several decades. Their wealth was exceptional and they introduced greater patient care into the asylum. But both Joseph Nash senior and Joseph junior died aged 58 and they left few reminders of their life in Box, apart from the monument of Joseph Nash senior by the west door of the church.
Joseph Nash senior
James Nash senior was the last son of an Oxfordshire clergyman, Samuel Nash. Joseph senior was an apothecary, later surgeon, born in about 1799, who married in East London in 1820. His Licence of the Society of Apothecaries (LSA) is dated 1821 and he then practised in Bushey Hertfordshire, and Edenbridge, Kent, before moving to Whitechapel where he obtained his surgical qualification in 1849, whilst living at 215 Whitechapel Road. He was still there in the Post Office directory of 1852 as a surgeon.
Joseph and his son moved to Box and became involved with Kingsdown House Asylum. Which of them was involved and the roles they took is complicated by the fact that they both had the same name but this article attempts to explain the situation.
Joseph Nash senior and his wife eventually retired and moved to Chilton Polden near Bridgwater, which was given as his residence when he died in March 1857 (later buried in the Box Churchyard). His obituary reads Death on March 28: At Mount Place London Hospital, London, suddenly from excitement, when visiting his son, who was dangerously ill, Dr Nash of Pound Close House, Chilton Polden.[1]
James Nash senior was the last son of an Oxfordshire clergyman, Samuel Nash. Joseph senior was an apothecary, later surgeon, born in about 1799, who married in East London in 1820. His Licence of the Society of Apothecaries (LSA) is dated 1821 and he then practised in Bushey Hertfordshire, and Edenbridge, Kent, before moving to Whitechapel where he obtained his surgical qualification in 1849, whilst living at 215 Whitechapel Road. He was still there in the Post Office directory of 1852 as a surgeon.
Joseph and his son moved to Box and became involved with Kingsdown House Asylum. Which of them was involved and the roles they took is complicated by the fact that they both had the same name but this article attempts to explain the situation.
Joseph Nash senior and his wife eventually retired and moved to Chilton Polden near Bridgwater, which was given as his residence when he died in March 1857 (later buried in the Box Churchyard). His obituary reads Death on March 28: At Mount Place London Hospital, London, suddenly from excitement, when visiting his son, who was dangerously ill, Dr Nash of Pound Close House, Chilton Polden.[1]
Nash family tomb outside the west door of Box Church (courtesy Peter Carpenter)
Joseph Nash junior
Joseph Nash junior, was born at Stepney, East London in 1822 and followed the career of his father, becoming a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) in 1847 and member of the Licenced Society of Apothecaries (LSA) in 1848. He probably trained at the London Hospital whilst living with his father because he said in 1850 that he was lately there. In his medical directory entry, he also stated he was resident Medical Superintendent of St Luke’s Hospital (Lunatic Asylum) but, in fact, he was employed as the apothecary (though still a surgeon-apothecary) although Apothecary may well have been the title of the resident medical officer. He tendered his resignation from there on 10 May 1850. We do not know when he was appointed but it is likely he was there only a short time as, upon his resignation, the governors wanted to change the rules so that only they could end the contracts with doctors. In 1850 Joseph acquired an MD from Erlangen University, Germany, possibly by purchase.
Joseph resigned from St Lukes a fortnight before the death of Austen Langworthy and possibly he was approached about Kingsdown before Austen’s death. Austen’s death led to the Asylum being offered for sale by his widow Elizabeth Langworthy but there appear to have been no takers and in 1851 Elizabeth advertised that she was continuing the business with Joseph Nash as resident superintendent.[2] He was there as Resident Physician with her in the 1851 census though she was the licenced proprietor in 1851 and 1852.
The next year he married a local gentlewoman Elizabeth Anne Holworthy, the daughter of local gentry, living in Newtown House, Box (now called Heleigh House) and they had a form of grand tour with a honeymoon after their marriage in Florence on 29 June 1852:
(Married) at Florence in the palace of the English Ambassador by the Rev Henry O’Neil, Joseph Nash, Esq, MD, of Box, near Bath, son of Joseph Nash Esq Surgeon, London and grandson of the late Rev Samuel Nash, rector of Great Tew and Enstone, in the county of Oxford, to Elizabeth Anne, eldest daughter of HT Holworthy, Esq, of New Town house, Box, Wiltshire, and granddaughter of the late Captain Holworthy, RN formerly British Consul at St Omer.
It was probably due to the extended honeymoon that Joseph Nash senior stepped in and became the medical officer for the asylum and at the same time becoming the licensee of the Asylum in 1852.
Joseph Nash junior, was born at Stepney, East London in 1822 and followed the career of his father, becoming a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS) in 1847 and member of the Licenced Society of Apothecaries (LSA) in 1848. He probably trained at the London Hospital whilst living with his father because he said in 1850 that he was lately there. In his medical directory entry, he also stated he was resident Medical Superintendent of St Luke’s Hospital (Lunatic Asylum) but, in fact, he was employed as the apothecary (though still a surgeon-apothecary) although Apothecary may well have been the title of the resident medical officer. He tendered his resignation from there on 10 May 1850. We do not know when he was appointed but it is likely he was there only a short time as, upon his resignation, the governors wanted to change the rules so that only they could end the contracts with doctors. In 1850 Joseph acquired an MD from Erlangen University, Germany, possibly by purchase.
Joseph resigned from St Lukes a fortnight before the death of Austen Langworthy and possibly he was approached about Kingsdown before Austen’s death. Austen’s death led to the Asylum being offered for sale by his widow Elizabeth Langworthy but there appear to have been no takers and in 1851 Elizabeth advertised that she was continuing the business with Joseph Nash as resident superintendent.[2] He was there as Resident Physician with her in the 1851 census though she was the licenced proprietor in 1851 and 1852.
The next year he married a local gentlewoman Elizabeth Anne Holworthy, the daughter of local gentry, living in Newtown House, Box (now called Heleigh House) and they had a form of grand tour with a honeymoon after their marriage in Florence on 29 June 1852:
(Married) at Florence in the palace of the English Ambassador by the Rev Henry O’Neil, Joseph Nash, Esq, MD, of Box, near Bath, son of Joseph Nash Esq Surgeon, London and grandson of the late Rev Samuel Nash, rector of Great Tew and Enstone, in the county of Oxford, to Elizabeth Anne, eldest daughter of HT Holworthy, Esq, of New Town house, Box, Wiltshire, and granddaughter of the late Captain Holworthy, RN formerly British Consul at St Omer.
It was probably due to the extended honeymoon that Joseph Nash senior stepped in and became the medical officer for the asylum and at the same time becoming the licensee of the Asylum in 1852.
The Wilderness from the grounds of the churchyard (courtesy Carol Payne)
Joseph senior appears to have included his son in the licence when Joseph junior returned from his honeymoon and in October 1853 a notice stated: Resident physician Dr Nash, Sen; visiting physician Dr Nash Jun.[3] On return from Europe, Joseph junior and Elizabeth installed themselves in The Churchyard opposite Box Parish Church, now renamed The Wilderness. He also kept a single lunatic there as additional income but only one so that he did not need a licence. This was probably Mary Ann Purnell, born in Bath and living in the 1851 census in Keynsham with her aunt who signed the certificate of insanity. Mary was admitted to Kingsdown House from The Wilderness on 12 March 1856. Joseph junior kept his family at the Wilderness, whilst being resident officer at Kingsdown.
Apart from being at Kingsdown, Joseph branched out. In 1853 he purchased another Doctorate of Medicine, this time from St Andrews. He also became the Medical Officer for the Box and Ditteridge Districts and for the Chippenham Union Workhouse in 1855. In 1859 under the new medical qualification laws, he became a Member of the Royal College of Physicians and therefore a physician as well as surgeon. Oddly, he did not become a member of the Medico-Psychological Association, the group for Asylum Doctors.[4]
During this time the Asylum was still owned by Elizabeth Langworthy and the Nashes leased it from her. In December 1855 the Lunacy Commissioners at their visit describe arrangements, presumably between father and son:
We are informed by Dr Nash that he pays about £150 per annum for the goodwill of the House, and that a valuation of the patients admitted during the existence of the lease is to be made at its expiration, when a proportionate sum of money is to be paid to Dr Nash for the cases so admitted. The amount is to be determined by arbitration. We think such a contract as this highly discreditable to all parties engaged in it. It is calculated to lead to a diminution of the comforts of the patients, and to prolong their detention. They are by this arrangement made a source of traffic and profit by two parties.
The Commissioners recommended radical change with the demolition of some of the old buildings (presumably the diagonal one) and threatened to resist renewal of the licence. Joseph senior retired to Chilton Polden and Joseph junior became the sole licensee for the asylum in 1856.
Apart from being at Kingsdown, Joseph branched out. In 1853 he purchased another Doctorate of Medicine, this time from St Andrews. He also became the Medical Officer for the Box and Ditteridge Districts and for the Chippenham Union Workhouse in 1855. In 1859 under the new medical qualification laws, he became a Member of the Royal College of Physicians and therefore a physician as well as surgeon. Oddly, he did not become a member of the Medico-Psychological Association, the group for Asylum Doctors.[4]
During this time the Asylum was still owned by Elizabeth Langworthy and the Nashes leased it from her. In December 1855 the Lunacy Commissioners at their visit describe arrangements, presumably between father and son:
We are informed by Dr Nash that he pays about £150 per annum for the goodwill of the House, and that a valuation of the patients admitted during the existence of the lease is to be made at its expiration, when a proportionate sum of money is to be paid to Dr Nash for the cases so admitted. The amount is to be determined by arbitration. We think such a contract as this highly discreditable to all parties engaged in it. It is calculated to lead to a diminution of the comforts of the patients, and to prolong their detention. They are by this arrangement made a source of traffic and profit by two parties.
The Commissioners recommended radical change with the demolition of some of the old buildings (presumably the diagonal one) and threatened to resist renewal of the licence. Joseph senior retired to Chilton Polden and Joseph junior became the sole licensee for the asylum in 1856.
This image of Kingsdown House and Prospect House may relate to a re-launch by Dr Joseph Nash (courtesy Box resident)
In 1857 the newspapers announce the birth of Joseph’s child at Kingsdown House rather than The Wilderness, suggesting that the Nashes had given up The Wilderness and moved into Kingsdown House. It is feasible that they moved in March 1856, when Mary Ann Purnell was admitted. Certainly, in an advert in September that year Joseph called himself the now resident proprietor of Kingsdown and was renting chambers in Bristol for a few hours each week to boost trade.[5]
When Joseph Nash junior moved to Kingsdown, he rented a house called Ashley House (now known as Ashley Manor), where his wife, children and sister-in-law lived with a single patient in 1861. Joseph’s senior’s widow, Jane, had returned to Box and in 1861 she was staying with the village General Practitioner, Thomas Snow. In 1871 she was living in Ashley (Manor) House, along with another single lunatic patient and her other children had moved to Brockley Hall, Somerset.
When Nash took over from Austen Langworthy, there were only 20 patients in the Asylum and the house was licenced for only private patients after the last pauper left in 1851. The place became effectively a nursing home for chronic illness under the Nashes with only 10 admissions or less most years, and long periods of stay.
Austen Langworthy went bankrupt in 1834 and this entitled his creditors to his estate. In 1856 they applied to have Kingsdown House sold to help settle his debts, saying it was then leased for £200 a year.[6] Kingsdown was auctioned in 1858 and bought by Joseph Nash, possibly for under £1,000. The image of Kingsdown House and Prospect House probably dates from Dr Nash’s relaunch of the Asylum.
The Commissioners in Lunacy were impressed with his work: Kingsdown House, Box has been certainly very greatly improved. The license is now granted to Dr Nash junior who devotes his entire time to the superintendence of the establishment.[7]
After buying the asylum Joseph set about improving it. The Commissioners later reported:
Under his direction the condition of the establishment has been entirely changed. Many of the rooms have been enlarged and improved and proper furniture has been supplied. Instrumental restraint is now a very rare occurrence, and seclusion is but little used.[8] In 1862 he disclosed the type of patient he wanted to attract in a newspaper advertisement for the Care and Cure of a limited number of NERVOUS INVALIDS and in 1869 the renewal of the licence recorded 17 male and 23 female patients (all private).[9]
Joseph was now only in his 40s but appears to have decided to step back and enjoy life. In 1868 he appointed a resident medical superintendent and soon after moved his family to Brockley Hall in Somerset. He may have kept a private medical practice in Bristol as well as a house in Bath. The family lived discretely in some considerable wealth, which in 1871 included seven household servants. He remained as the licensed proprietor for Kingsdown but the resident medical officer was routinely made co-licensee.
Joseph died on 24 March 1880 at his residence 59 Pultney (sic) Street. His death was recorded very briefly Dr Nash who for some years resided at Clevedon (Brockley Hall) was Major in the 1st Somerset Volunteer Engineers. His age was 58.[10]
He was buried in the cemetery of St Marys, Bathwick at Smallcombe, where his grave is covered in ivy.[11] He gave his property to his widow for her lifetime and then to his children. His widow continued to run Kingsdown House as co-licensee with a series of doctors. The family appears to have kept the freehold within the family for the next 40 years even after it was taken over by the MacBryans.
As an afternote, the Nashes had indications of insanity within them, like the Langworthys and later the MacBryans. Joseph’s daughter Annie Jane Alberta Nash was a single lunatic in the care of a GP in Tenby in the 1881 census. She married in 1886 and we have no further evidence of her having treatment.
When Joseph Nash junior moved to Kingsdown, he rented a house called Ashley House (now known as Ashley Manor), where his wife, children and sister-in-law lived with a single patient in 1861. Joseph’s senior’s widow, Jane, had returned to Box and in 1861 she was staying with the village General Practitioner, Thomas Snow. In 1871 she was living in Ashley (Manor) House, along with another single lunatic patient and her other children had moved to Brockley Hall, Somerset.
When Nash took over from Austen Langworthy, there were only 20 patients in the Asylum and the house was licenced for only private patients after the last pauper left in 1851. The place became effectively a nursing home for chronic illness under the Nashes with only 10 admissions or less most years, and long periods of stay.
Austen Langworthy went bankrupt in 1834 and this entitled his creditors to his estate. In 1856 they applied to have Kingsdown House sold to help settle his debts, saying it was then leased for £200 a year.[6] Kingsdown was auctioned in 1858 and bought by Joseph Nash, possibly for under £1,000. The image of Kingsdown House and Prospect House probably dates from Dr Nash’s relaunch of the Asylum.
The Commissioners in Lunacy were impressed with his work: Kingsdown House, Box has been certainly very greatly improved. The license is now granted to Dr Nash junior who devotes his entire time to the superintendence of the establishment.[7]
After buying the asylum Joseph set about improving it. The Commissioners later reported:
Under his direction the condition of the establishment has been entirely changed. Many of the rooms have been enlarged and improved and proper furniture has been supplied. Instrumental restraint is now a very rare occurrence, and seclusion is but little used.[8] In 1862 he disclosed the type of patient he wanted to attract in a newspaper advertisement for the Care and Cure of a limited number of NERVOUS INVALIDS and in 1869 the renewal of the licence recorded 17 male and 23 female patients (all private).[9]
Joseph was now only in his 40s but appears to have decided to step back and enjoy life. In 1868 he appointed a resident medical superintendent and soon after moved his family to Brockley Hall in Somerset. He may have kept a private medical practice in Bristol as well as a house in Bath. The family lived discretely in some considerable wealth, which in 1871 included seven household servants. He remained as the licensed proprietor for Kingsdown but the resident medical officer was routinely made co-licensee.
Joseph died on 24 March 1880 at his residence 59 Pultney (sic) Street. His death was recorded very briefly Dr Nash who for some years resided at Clevedon (Brockley Hall) was Major in the 1st Somerset Volunteer Engineers. His age was 58.[10]
He was buried in the cemetery of St Marys, Bathwick at Smallcombe, where his grave is covered in ivy.[11] He gave his property to his widow for her lifetime and then to his children. His widow continued to run Kingsdown House as co-licensee with a series of doctors. The family appears to have kept the freehold within the family for the next 40 years even after it was taken over by the MacBryans.
As an afternote, the Nashes had indications of insanity within them, like the Langworthys and later the MacBryans. Joseph’s daughter Annie Jane Alberta Nash was a single lunatic in the care of a GP in Tenby in the 1881 census. She married in 1886 and we have no further evidence of her having treatment.
Conclusion
Although the Nash family have little contemporary recognition in Box, they were a significant force within the village with money from the Asylum and also acting as medical officer for the local poor law union for a time.
They were sufficiently wealthy at the time to have a churchyard monument outside the west door and a memorial and plaque in the south aisle of Box Church: Sacred to the memory of Joseph Nash Esq MD of Chilton Hill House in the county of Somerset, youngest son of the late Revd Samuel Nash LLD, rector of Great Tew, vicar of Enstone in the county of Oxford who departed this life March 28th 1857 in the 59th year of his age. Also of Jane Amelia his wife who departed this life January 1st 1880 in the 81st year of her age. Also Cavendish Lyster Joseph, grandson of the above and infant son of Joseph and Elizabeth Anne Nash of Ashley Manor House in this parish who departed this life December 17th 1854 aged 8 months. “Be ye therefore ready also: for the Son of Man cometh at an hour ye think not” Luke 12.40
Although the Nash family have little contemporary recognition in Box, they were a significant force within the village with money from the Asylum and also acting as medical officer for the local poor law union for a time.
They were sufficiently wealthy at the time to have a churchyard monument outside the west door and a memorial and plaque in the south aisle of Box Church: Sacred to the memory of Joseph Nash Esq MD of Chilton Hill House in the county of Somerset, youngest son of the late Revd Samuel Nash LLD, rector of Great Tew, vicar of Enstone in the county of Oxford who departed this life March 28th 1857 in the 59th year of his age. Also of Jane Amelia his wife who departed this life January 1st 1880 in the 81st year of her age. Also Cavendish Lyster Joseph, grandson of the above and infant son of Joseph and Elizabeth Anne Nash of Ashley Manor House in this parish who departed this life December 17th 1854 aged 8 months. “Be ye therefore ready also: for the Son of Man cometh at an hour ye think not” Luke 12.40
Nash Family Tree
Joseph Nash senior (1799-28 March 1857) married Jane Amelia (1798, who died on 1 January 1880 at Chilton Polden House, near Bridgwater, Somerset). Children:
Dr Joseph junior (1822-1880);
Dr Charles S (1833-died 1862 of scarlet fever contracted in the discharge of his professional duties);
Teresa () who married Henry Meredith Price on 11 August 1869
Joseph Nash junior (18 February 1822-24 March 1880) married Elizabeth Anne Holworthy (1830-17 November 1892). Joseph died at Brockley Hall, Nailsea, Somerset, where he was living with his wife, six children and seven servants. He had other residences too, at Kingsdown House and 59 Great Poultney Street, Bath. Children:
Annie Jane Alberta (sometimes called Amelia) (1854-) married on 1 May 1886 to William Netherscole, a civil engineer and widower at Bathwick;
Cavendish Lyster Joseph died in infancy (1854-17 December 1854);
William Henry Adey (1855-18 July 1932 at Folkestone, Kent);
Robert Charles Cavendish (1857-1905);
Henrietta M (1861-);
Mary Agnes Beatrice (1862-8 April 1953) who married |William Mends Forte Trotman on 15 October 1884;
Clara Louisa Ramsay (1866-15 December 1927), unmarried;
Gertrude Edith Maude (6 September 1867-) who married Philip Dan Milberd on 1 August 1895;
Charles Edward Joseph (8 December 1870-1945);
Josephine M (1872-).
Joseph Nash senior (1799-28 March 1857) married Jane Amelia (1798, who died on 1 January 1880 at Chilton Polden House, near Bridgwater, Somerset). Children:
Dr Joseph junior (1822-1880);
Dr Charles S (1833-died 1862 of scarlet fever contracted in the discharge of his professional duties);
Teresa () who married Henry Meredith Price on 11 August 1869
Joseph Nash junior (18 February 1822-24 March 1880) married Elizabeth Anne Holworthy (1830-17 November 1892). Joseph died at Brockley Hall, Nailsea, Somerset, where he was living with his wife, six children and seven servants. He had other residences too, at Kingsdown House and 59 Great Poultney Street, Bath. Children:
Annie Jane Alberta (sometimes called Amelia) (1854-) married on 1 May 1886 to William Netherscole, a civil engineer and widower at Bathwick;
Cavendish Lyster Joseph died in infancy (1854-17 December 1854);
William Henry Adey (1855-18 July 1932 at Folkestone, Kent);
Robert Charles Cavendish (1857-1905);
Henrietta M (1861-);
Mary Agnes Beatrice (1862-8 April 1953) who married |William Mends Forte Trotman on 15 October 1884;
Clara Louisa Ramsay (1866-15 December 1927), unmarried;
Gertrude Edith Maude (6 September 1867-) who married Philip Dan Milberd on 1 August 1895;
Charles Edward Joseph (8 December 1870-1945);
Josephine M (1872-).
Sources
London Med Directory 1850 p.89. Joseph Nash, 215, Road-side, London Hospital. LSA 1821; MRCS 1849.
Baptism St Dunstan Stepney 15 March 1822: Joseph, son of Joseph and Jane Amelia Nash, of MEOT [Mile End Old Town] Surgeon – born 18th February.
National Archives 1851 Census HO107/1545/f429/p8 his wife and children are only given initials.
Minute book St Luke’s Hospital 1848 - 1855 page 75. available online at Wellcome.
Bapt Corsham 19 Nov 1829: Elizabeth Anne dau Henry Thomas & Anne Holworthy, of Middle Pickwick.
The notice was in multiple papers including: Bristol Times and Mirror 10 July 1852; St James’s Chronicle 8 July 1852; Dorset County Chronicle 8 July 1852; Home News for India, China and the Colonies 24 July 1852, etc.
Bapt Box 6 June 1854 Cavendish Lyster Joseph son Joseph & Elizabeth Anne Nash, Physician of Box – he was buried the same year.
See http://www.boxpeopleandplaces.co.uk/the-wilderness.html accessed 25 Mar 2021. And Wiltshire Record Office A1/560/1 adm 771.
National Archives 1851 Census HO107/1944/f658 p28 She is a ‘Proprietor of Houses’
He states this in his Medical Register entry. St Andrews records its award on 12 August 1853.
10th report of the Commissioners in Lunacy 1856: p19ff
Burial Box 5 April 1857
London Med Directory 1850 p.89. Joseph Nash, 215, Road-side, London Hospital. LSA 1821; MRCS 1849.
Baptism St Dunstan Stepney 15 March 1822: Joseph, son of Joseph and Jane Amelia Nash, of MEOT [Mile End Old Town] Surgeon – born 18th February.
National Archives 1851 Census HO107/1545/f429/p8 his wife and children are only given initials.
Minute book St Luke’s Hospital 1848 - 1855 page 75. available online at Wellcome.
Bapt Corsham 19 Nov 1829: Elizabeth Anne dau Henry Thomas & Anne Holworthy, of Middle Pickwick.
The notice was in multiple papers including: Bristol Times and Mirror 10 July 1852; St James’s Chronicle 8 July 1852; Dorset County Chronicle 8 July 1852; Home News for India, China and the Colonies 24 July 1852, etc.
Bapt Box 6 June 1854 Cavendish Lyster Joseph son Joseph & Elizabeth Anne Nash, Physician of Box – he was buried the same year.
See http://www.boxpeopleandplaces.co.uk/the-wilderness.html accessed 25 Mar 2021. And Wiltshire Record Office A1/560/1 adm 771.
National Archives 1851 Census HO107/1944/f658 p28 She is a ‘Proprietor of Houses’
He states this in his Medical Register entry. St Andrews records its award on 12 August 1853.
10th report of the Commissioners in Lunacy 1856: p19ff
Burial Box 5 April 1857
References
[1] The Bath Chronicle, 9 April 1857
[2] The Bath Chronicle, 11 December 1851
[3] The Bath Chronicle, 27 October 1853
[4] He is not in their list of members in 1869 [Journal of Mental Science 1870 vol 15 issue 72, cover]
[5] Bristol Mercury, 20 September 1856
[6] national Archives C15/286/F89
[7] The Bath Chronicle, 3 September 1857
[8] Commissioners, L. (1862). Sixteenth Report of the Commissioners in Lunacy to the Lord Chancellor. (417), London: House of Commons page 47
[9] The Bath Chronicle, 23 October 1862 and Trowbridge and North Wilts Advertiser, 3 July 1869
[10] The Bath Chronicle, 1 April 1880
[11] https://www.batharchives.co.uk/cemeteries/st-marys-churchyard-bathwick/joseph-nash
[1] The Bath Chronicle, 9 April 1857
[2] The Bath Chronicle, 11 December 1851
[3] The Bath Chronicle, 27 October 1853
[4] He is not in their list of members in 1869 [Journal of Mental Science 1870 vol 15 issue 72, cover]
[5] Bristol Mercury, 20 September 1856
[6] national Archives C15/286/F89
[7] The Bath Chronicle, 3 September 1857
[8] Commissioners, L. (1862). Sixteenth Report of the Commissioners in Lunacy to the Lord Chancellor. (417), London: House of Commons page 47
[9] The Bath Chronicle, 23 October 1862 and Trowbridge and North Wilts Advertiser, 3 July 1869
[10] The Bath Chronicle, 1 April 1880
[11] https://www.batharchives.co.uk/cemeteries/st-marys-churchyard-bathwick/joseph-nash